from Psychology Today, October 1989, p.32
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                           LEARN HOW TO LUCID DREAM
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            Researchers and dream enthusiasts have developed a number of
       techniques for inducing lucid dreams.  The simplest of them
       involves nothing more than writing the letter *C* (for
       *consciousness*) on the palm of your hand.  Each time you notice
       it, ask yourself "What is real?" or "Is this a dream?"  Look about
       and deliberately test the reality of the place in which you find
       yourself.

            By practicing this regimen many times each day, you will
       become more likely to ask yourself the same question and make the
       same reality test while asleep and dreaming.  This may eventually
       enable you to recognize that you are dreaming -- to turn lucid.

            Psychologist Paul Tholey, who has studied lucid dreams since
       the 1950s, says it is important to question the solidity of your
       surroundings as frequently as possible, especially in situations
       that seem dreamlike.  "If," Tholey explains, "a subject develops
       while awake a critical-reflective attitude toward his momentary
       state of consciousness by asking himself if he is dreaming or not,
       then this attitude can be transferred to the dream state."  Ask
       the questions as close to sleep-onset as possible.

            Here is an abbreviated description of Tholey's lucid-dream
       induction method.  Although there is no way of insuring that his
       techniques will work for you, they have effectively introduced a
       large number of individuals to the vivid world of the lucid dream.

       1.   First and foremost, keep a dream journal.  Lucid dreamers
            tend to recall their dreams more than most people, and the
            best way to improve your dream recall is by keeping a
            journal.

       2.   Ask yourself "Am I dreaming or not?" five to ten times a day.

       3.   At the same time, try to imagine, as intensely as possible,
            that you are in a dream, that everything you perceive,
            including your own body, is merely a dream figment.

       4.   While asking yourself "Am I dreaming or not?" concentrate not
            only on contemporary occurrences but also on events that have
            already taken place.

       5.   In every situation that is at all dreamlike -- that is,
            whenever something improbable occurs, or whenever you
            experience powerful emotions -- ask yourself, "Am I dreaming
            or not?"

       6.   If your dreams exhibit reoccurring elements -- frequent
            feelings of fear, for instance, or regular appearances of a
            dog -- then ask whether you are dreaming whenever you are
            awake and find yourself in a threatening situation or see a
            dog.



       7.   If you often have dream experiences that never or very rarely
            occur in a waking state, such as floating in air, then try to
            imagine while awake that you are having the same experience,
            telling yourself all the while that you are dreaming.

       8.   Before drifting off to sleep, don't try to will lucidity;
            simply tell yourself you are going to be conscious in your
            dream.  This method is especially effective if you wake up in
            the early morning and feel as though you are falling back to
            sleep.

       9.   Resolve to carry out a simple action while dreaming: drink a
            glass of water, or tie your shoes.  Note:  Steps 8 and 9 may
            be facilitated by concentrating on visual images and/or
            bodily sensations as you drift off to sleep.
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